References

1
Albert R., Albert I., Hornbaker D., Schiffer P., Barabási A.-L., Maximum angle of stability in wet and dry spherical granular media, Phys. Rev. E 56, R6271 (1997). APS Link
2
Ammi M., Travers T., Bideau D., Gervois A., Messager J.-C., Troadec J.-P., Uniaxial compression of 2d and 3d packings: electrical conductivity measurements, J. Phys. France 49, 221 (1988).
3
Amontons G., De la résistance causée par les machines, Mém. Acad. Roy. A 12, 257 (1699).
4
Bagnold R.A., The physics of blown sand and desert dunes (Chapman and Hall, 1941).
5
Bagster D.F., A note on the pressure ratio in the Janssen equation, Powder Tech. 4, 235 (1970-71).
6
Bagster D.F., Kirk R., Computer generation of a model to simulate granular material behaviour, J. Powder & Bulk Solids Tech. 9, 19 (1985).
7
Bak P., Tang C., Wiesenfeld K., Self-organized criticality: an explanation of the 1/f noise, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 381 (1987). APS Link
8
Bak P., Tang C., Wiesenfeld K., Self-organized criticality, Phys. Rev. A 38, 364 (1988). APS Link
9
Ball R.C., Grinev D.V., The stress transmission universality classes of rigid grain powders, cond-mat/9810124.
10
Bastolla U., Radjai F., Wolf D., Jean M., Influence of friction on the force network in granular packings, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 193-199.
11
Baumberger T., Berthoud P., Sliding dynamics at a multicontact interface, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 3-11.
12
Baxter G.W., Stress distributions in a two dimensional granular material, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 345-348.
13
Ben Aïm R., Le Goff P., La coordinance des empilements désordonnés de sphères. Application aux mélanges binaires de sphères, Powder Tech. 2, 1 (1968-69).
14
Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997).
15
Behringer R.P., Miller B., Stress fluctuations for sheared 3d granular materials, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 333-336.
16
Biarez J., Hicher P.Y., An introduction to the study of the relation between the mechanics of discontinuous granular media and the rheological behaviours of continuous equivalent media - Application to compaction, Proc. Powders & Grains'89, edited by Biarez and Gourvès (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1989), pp. 1-13.
17
Bideau D., Gervois A., Oger L., Troadec J.-P., Geometrical properties of disordered packings of hard disks, J. Phys. France 47, 1697 (1986).
18
Bouchaud J.-Ph., Cates M.E., Claudin Ph., Stress distribution in granular media and nonlinear wave equation, J. Phys. I France 5, 639 (1995). EDPS Link
19
Bouchaud J.-Ph., Cugliandolo L., Kurchan J., Mézard M., Mode-coupling approximations, glass theory and disordered systems, Physica A 226, 243 (1996).
20
Bouchaud J.-Ph., Claudin Ph., Cates M.E., Wittmer J.P., Models of stress propagation in granular media, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 97-121.
21
Brockbank R., Huntley J.M., Ball R.C., Contact force distribution beneath a three dimensional granular pile, J. Phys. II France 7, 1521 (1997). EDPS Link
22
Brown R.L., Richards J.C., Principles of powder mechanics (Pergamon Press, 1966).
23
Bucholtz V., Wittmer J.P., Cates M.E. (private communication).
24
Budny T.J., Stick-slip friction as a method of powder flow characterization, Powder Tech. 23, 197 (1979).
25
Cantelaube F., Le trou du tas de sable, Bull. SFP 108, 3 (1997).
26
Cantelaube F., Goddard J.D., Elastoplastic arching in 2d granular heaps, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 231-234.
27
Cantelaube F., Didwania A.K., Goddard J.D., Elastoplastic arching in two dimensional granular heaps, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 123-127.
28
Caroli C., Velický B., Dry friction as an elasto-plastic response: a schematic model, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 13-23.
29
Cates M.E., Wittmer J.P., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Claudin Ph., Jamming, force chains and fragile matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1841 (1998). APS Link
30
Cates M.E., Wittmer J.P., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Claudin Ph., Development of stresses in cohesionless poured sand, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 356, 2535 (1998).
31
Cates M.E., Wittmer J.P., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Claudin Ph., Jamming and stress propagation in particulate matter, Physica A 263, 354 (1999).
32
Chertkov M., Falkovich G., Lebedev V., Nonuniversality of the scaling exponents of a passive scalar convected by a random flow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3707 (1996). APS Link
33
Ciliberto S., Laroche C., Experimental evidence of self organized criticality in the stick-slip dynamics of two rough elastic surfaces, J. Phys. I France 4, 223 (1994). EDPS Link
34
Ciliberto S., Laroche C., Experimental study of the statistics os slipping events in solid friction, Nonlinear Proc. Geophys. 2, 121 (1995).
35
Ciliberto S., Charlaix E., Crassou J., Laroche C., Experimental study of friction between surfaces with macroscopic asperities, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 61-75.
36
Claudin Ph., Silos and sandpiles. A phenomenological theory of stress distribution in granular media, Master of Philosophy of the University of Cambridge, 1995.
37
Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Static avalanches and giant stress fluctuations in silos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 231 (1997). APS Link
38
Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., On giant stress fluctuations in silos, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 181-186.
39
Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Stick-slip transition in the scalar arching model, Gran. Matt. 1, 71 (1998).
40
Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., A scalar arching model, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 129-135.
41
Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Cates M.E., Wittmer J.P., Models of stress fluctuations in granular media, Phys. Rev. E 57, 4441 (1998). APS Link
42
Clément E., Serero Y., Lanuza J., Rajchenbach J., Duran J., Fluctuating aspects of the pressure in a granular column, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 349-351.
43
Coppersmith S.N., Force fluctuations in granular media, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 149-151.
44
Coppersmith S.N., Liu C.-h., Majumdar S., Narayan O., Witten T.A., Model for force fluctuations in bead packs, Phys. Rev. E 53, 4673 (1996). APS Link
45
Coulomb C.A., Sur une application des règles de Maximis & Minimis à quelques problèmes de statique relatifs à l'architecture, Mémoires de Mathématique de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, pp. 343-382 (1776).
46
Cowin S.C., The theory of static loads in bins, J. Appl. Mech. 44, 409 (1977).
47
Cowin S.C., Sundaram V., The effect of material compressibility on static bin pressures, Powder Tech. 25, 225 (1980).
48
Cule D., Shapir Y., Scaling phenomena in a unitary model of directed propagating waves with applications to one-dimensional electrons in a time-varying potential, Phys. Rev. B 50, 5119 (1994). APS Link
49
Cundall P.A., Strack O.D.L., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Géotechniq. 29, 47 (1979).
50
Dantu P., Contribution à l'étude mécanique et géométrique des milieux pulvérulents, Ann. Ponts Chaussées 4, 144 (1967).
51
Dantu P., Étude statistique des forces intergranulaires dans un milieu pulvérulent, Géotechniq. 18, 50 (1968).
52
Dantu P., Étude de mécanique des chausées sur modèles à deux dimensions, Revue Générale des Routes et des Aérodromes 409, 75 (1966).
53
Dantu P., Étude expérimentale d'un milieu pulvérulent compris entre deux plans verticaux et parallèles, Ann. Ponts Chaussées 4, 1 (1967).
54
Daudon D., Lanier J., Jean M., A micro mechanical comparison between experimental results and numerical simulation of a biaxial test on 2d granular material, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 219-222.
55
de Gennes P.-G., Stress distribution in granular media (unpublished, 1996).
56
de Gennes P.-G., Reflections on the mechanics of granular matter, Physica A 261, 267 (1998).
57
Delyon F., Dufresne D., Lévy Y.-E., Physique et génie civil: deux illustrations simples, Ann. Ponts Chaussées, numéro spécial << Mécanique des milieux granulaires >>, pp. 22-29 (1990).
58
Déom P., La Hulotte, 08240 Boult-aux-bois.
59
Deresiewicz H., Stress-strain relations for a simple model of a granular medium, J. Appl. Mech. 25, 402 (1958).
60
Ditlevsen O., Berntsen K.N., Statistical analysis of silo wall pressure, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 155-161.
61
Dufresne D., Delyon F., Lévy Y.-E., Un nouveau capteur d'effort de contact, Bull. Liaison Labo. Pont Chaussées 184, 87 (1993).
62
Dulieu B., Radjai F., Interfacial friction in flowing sand, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 281-286.
63
Duran J., Sables, poudres et grains. Introduction à la physique des milieux granulaires (Eyrolles, Paris, 1997).
64
Duran J., Static and dynamics arching effect in granular materials, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 197-216.
65
Duran J., Kolb E., Vanel L., Static friction and arch formation in granular materials, Phys. Rev. E 58, 805 (1998). APS Link
66
Edwards S.F., Oakeshott R.B.S., The transmission of stress in an aggregate, Physica D 38, 88 (1989).
67
Edwards S.F., Oakeshott R.B.S., Theory of powders, Physica A 157, 1080 (1989).
68
Edwards S.F., Mounfield C.C., A theoretical model for the stress distribution in granular matter I: basic equations, Physica A 226, 1 (1996).
69
Edwards S.F., Mounfield C.C., A theoretical model for the stress distribution in granular matter II: forces in pipes, Physica A 226, 12 (1996).
70
Edwards S.F., Mounfield C.C., A theoretical model for the stress distribution in granular matter III: forces in sandpiles, Physica A 226, 25 (1996).
71
Edwards S.F., The equations of stress in a granular material, Physica A 249, 226 (1998).
72
Edwards S.F., Grinev D.V., Statistical mechanics of stress transmission in disordered granular arrays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5397 (1999). APS Link
73
Edwards S.F., Grinev D.V., The statistical-mechanical theory of stress transmission in granular materials, Physica A 263, 545 (1999).
74
Eloy C., Clément E., Stochastic aspects of the force network in a regular granular piling, J. Phys. I France 7, 1541 (1997). EDPS Link
75
Evesque P., Stefani C., Relationship between dilatancy, stresses and plastic dissipation in a granular material with rigid grains, J. Phys. II France 1, 1337 (1991). EDPS Link
76
Evesque P., Boufellouh S., Stress distribution in an inclined pile: soil mechanics calculation using finite element technique, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 295-298.
77
Evesque P., Stress in static sand piles: role of the deformation in the case of silos and Oedometers, J. Phys. I France 7, 1501 (1997). EDPS Link
78
Evesque P., de Gennes P.-G., Note sur la statique de silos, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris b 326, 761 (1998).
79
Giraud G., Clerc J.P., Guyon E., Étude par des mesures de résistance électrique de la répartition des pressions dans un empilement désordonné de sphères, Powder Tech. 35, 107 (1983).
80
Grasselli Y., Herrmann H.J., On the angles of dry granular heaps, Physica A 246, 301 (1997).
81
Gudehus G., Attractors, percolation thresholds and phase limits of granular soils, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp 169-183.
82
Guyon E., Roux S., Hansen A., Bideau D., Troadec J.-P., Crapo H., Non-local and non-linear problems in the mechanics of disordered systems: application to granular media and rigidity problems, Rep. Prog. Phys. 53, 373 (1990).
83
Hemmingsson J., A sandpile model with dip, Physica A 230, 329 (1996).
84
Hemmingsson J., Herrmann H.J., Roux S., Vectorial cellular automaton for the stress in granular media, J. Phys. I France 7, 291 (1997). EDPS Link
85
Herrmann H., Grains of understanding, Phys. World 10, 31 (1997).
86
Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998).
87
Hong D.C., Stress distribution of a hexagonally packed granular pile, Phys. Rev. E 47, 760 (1993). APS Link
88
Hornbaker D.J., Albert R., Albert I., Barabási A.-L., Schiffer P., What keeps sandcastles standing?, Nature 387, 765 (1997).
89
Horne R.M., Nedderman R.M., Analysis of the stress distribution in two dimensional bins by the method of caracteristics, Powder Tech. 14, 93 (1976).
90
Howell D.W., Miller B., O'Hern C., Behringer R.P., Stress fluctuations for granular materials, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 133-147.
91
Howell D., Behringer R.P., Fluctuations and dynamics for a two dimensional sheared granular material, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 337-340.
92
Howell D.W., Behringer R.P., Veje C.T., Stress fluctuations in a 2d granular Couette experiment: a continuous transition, preprint.
93
Hua Y.L., Feng Y.T., Wall pressure analysis of two dimensional shallow bins with top piles, Powder Tech. 86, 257 (1996).
94
Hummel F.H., Finnan E.J., The distribution of pressure on surfaces supporting a mass of granular material, Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. 212, 369 (1920).
95
Huntley J.M., Vacancy effects on the force distribution in a two dimensional granular pile, Phys. Rev. E 48, 4099 (1993). APS Link
96
Huntley J.M., Force distribution in an inhomogeneous sandpile, Eur. Phys. J. B. 8, 389 (1999). EDPS Link
97
Jaeger H.M., Nagel S.R., Behringer R.P., The physics of granular materials, Phys. Today 49, 32 (1996).
98
Jáky J., Pressure in silos, Proc. 2nd Inter. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng. 1, 103 (1948).
99
Janssen H.A., Tests on grain pressure silos, Z. Vereins Deutsch Ing. 39, 1045 (1895).
100
Jenkin C.F., The pressure exerted by granular material: an application of the principles of dilatancy, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 269, 53 (1962).
101
Jia X., Caroli C., Velicky B., Ultrasound propagation in externally stressed granular media, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1863 (1999). APS Link
102
Jotaki T., Moriyama R., Measurement of vertical pressure distribution of the bulk materials in a bin, J. Soc. Powder Tech. Jpn 10, 131 (1973).
103
Jotaki T., Moriyama R., On the bottom pressure distribution of the bulk materials in the cylindrical vessel, J. Soc. Powder Tech. Jpn 14, 609 (1977).
104
Jotaki T., Moriyama R., On the bottom pressure distribution of the bulk materials piled with the angle of repose, J. Soc. Powder Tech. Jpn 16, 184 (1979).
105
Krishnamurthy S., Loreto V., Herrmann H.J., Manna S.S., Roux S., Self-structuring of granular media under internal avalanching, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 304 (1999). APS Link
106
Krishnamurthy S., Herrmann H.J., Loreto V., Nicodemi M., Roux S., Internal avalanches in models of granular media, cond-mat/9812075.
107
Krishnamurthy S., Loreto V., Roux S., Bubbling and large-scale structure in avalanche dynamics, cond-mat/9905404.
108
Kolb E., Mazozi T., Clément E., Duran J., Force fluctuations in a vertically pushed granular column, Eur. Phys. J. B. 8, 483 (1999). EDPS Link
109
Kolymbas D., Wu W., Recent results of triaxial tests with granular materials, Powder Tech. 60, 99 (1990).
110
Kuno H., Kuri I., Study on the pressure distribution at the bottom of a pressed powder bed by pressure-detecting sheets, Powder Tech. 34, 87 (1983).
111
Landau L., Lifshitz E., Elasticity theory (Pergamon, New York, 1986).
112
Lanier J., Calvetti F., Evolution of microstructure in granular materials: experimental results, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 275-278.
113
Lee I.K., Herington J.R., Stresses beneath granular embankments, Proc. 1st Aust.-N.Z. Conf. Geomech. 1, 291 (1971).
114
Lenczner D., An investigation into the behaviour of sand in a model silo, Struct. Eng. 41, 389 (1963).
115
Lenczner D., The distribution of pressure in a model silo containing cement, Mag. Concr. Res. 15, 101 (1963).
116
Li E., Bagster D.F., A new block model of heaps, Powder Tech. 63, 277 (1990).
117
Liffman K., Chan D.Y.C., Hughes B.D., Force distribution in a two dimensional sandpile, Powder Tech. 72, 255 (1992).
118
Liffman K., Chan D.Y.C., Hughes B.D., On the stress depression under a sandpile, Powder Tech. 78, 263 (1994).
119
Liu C.-h., Nagel S.R., Sound in sand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2301 (1992). APS Link
120
Liu C.-h., Nagel S.R., Sound and vibration in granular materials, J. Phys. Cond. Matt. 6, A433 (1994).
121
Liu C.-h., Nagel S.R., Schecter D.A., Coppersmith S.N., Majumdar S., Narayan O., Witten T.A., Force fluctuations in bead packs, Science 269, 513 (1995).
122
Luding S., Stress distribution in static two dimensional granular model media in the absence of friction, Phys. Rev. E 55, 4720 (1997). APS Link
123
Luding S., Matuttis H.-G., The effect of interaction laws on the stresses in frictionless granular media, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 207-211.
124
Lvin Ja.B., Analytical Evaluation of pressures of granular materials on silo walls, Powder Tech. 4, 280 (1970).
125
Manna S.S., Khakhar D.V., Internal avalanches in a granular medium, Phys. Rev. E 58, R6935 (1998). APS Link
126
Marion D., Nur A., Percolation of electrical and elastic properties of granular materials at the transition from a suspension to a loose packing, Physica A 157, 575 (1989).
127
Matuttis H.-G., Simulation of the pressure distribution under a two dimensional heap of polygonal particules, Gran. Matt. 1, 83 (1998).
128
Matuttis H.-G., Schinner A., Influence of geometry on the pressure distribution of granular heaps, Gran. Matt. 1, 195 (1999).
129
Mazozi T., Décompaction, fragmentation et ségrégation granulaires, Thèse de doctorat de l'université de Paris VI, 1997.
130
McLean A.G., Arnold P.C., The evaluation of the contents of a silo, Powder Tech. 27, 117 (1980).
131
Moreau J.-J., Jean M., Numerical treatment of contact and friction: the Contact Dynamics method, Proc. Engineering systems design and analysis conference 1996, edited by Lagarde and Raous (ASME, New York, 1996), Vol. 4, pp. 201-208.
132
Moreau J.-J., Évolution en présence de liaisons unilatérales: notions de base, Proc. quatrième colloque national en calcul des structures, Giens, 18-21 mai 1999.
133
Moreau J.-J., Application des algorithmes << Contact Dynamics >> aux milieux granulaires, Proc. quatorzième congrès français de mécanique, Toulouse, 30 août-3 septembre 1999.
134
Moukarzel C.F., Isostatic phase transition and instability in stiff granular materials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1634 (1998). APS Link
135
Moukarzel C.F., Granular matter instability: a structural rigidity point of view, Proc. Rigidity Theory and Applications, Traverse City, MI, Fundamental Material Science Series (Plenum, 1998).
136
Mueller G.E., Numerical simulation of packed beds with monosized spheres in cylindrical containers, Powder Tech. 92, 179 (1997).
137
Mueth D.M., Jaeger H.M., Nagel S.R., Force distribution in a granular medium, Phys. Rev. E 57, 3164 (1998). APS Link
138
Narayan O., Nagel S.R., Incipient failure in sandpile models, Physica A 264, 75 (1999).
139
Nasuno S., Kudrolli A., Gollub J.P., Friction in granular layers: hysteresis and precursors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 949 (1997). APS Link
140
Nasuno S., Kudrolli A., Gollub J.P., Sensitive force measurements in a sheared granular flow with simultaneous imaging, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 329-332.
141
Nedderman R.M., Statics and kinematics of granular materials (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
142
Ngadi A., Rajchenbach J., Clément E., Duran J., Intermittencies in the compression process of a model granular medium, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 321-324.
143
Ngadi A., Rajchenbach J., Intermittencies in the compression process of a model granular medium, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 273 (1998). APS Link
144
Nguyen M.L., Coppersmith S.N., Properties of layer-by-layer vector stochastic models of force fluctuations in granular materials, cond-mat/9811202.
145
Nicodemi M., Stress correlations and weight distributions in granular packs, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 137-142.
146
Nicodemi M., Force correlation and arch formation in granular assemblies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1340 (1998). APS Link
147
Oger L., Charmet J.-C., Bideau D., Troadec J.-P., Propriétés mécaniques de milieux pulvérulents, C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris II 302, 277 (1986).
148
Oron G., Herrmann H.J., Exact calculation of force network in granular piles, Phys. Rev. E 58, 2079 (1998). APS Link
149
Oron G., Herrmann H.J., Exact determination of force networks in a static assembly, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 143-148.
150
Oron G., Herrmann H.J., Contact forces in regular 3d granular pile, Physica A 265, 455 (1999).
151
Ouaguenouni S., Roux J.-N., Compaction of well-coordinated lubricated granular pilings, Europhys. Lett. 32, 449 (1995). EDPS Link
152
Ouaguenouni S., Roux J.-N., Force distribution in frictionless granular packings at rigidity threshold, Europhys. Lett. 39, 117 (1997). EDPS Link
153
Ouaguenouni S., Roux J.-N., Arching without friction: a simple model, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 187-191.
154
Peralta-Fabi R., Málaga C., Rechtman R., On arching in dry granular media, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 227-230.
155
Peralta-Fabi R., Málaga C., Rechtman R., Arching in confined dry granular materials, Europhys. Lett. 45, 76 (1999). EDPS Link
156
Pitman E.B., Forces on bins: the effect of random friction, cond-mat/9708083.
157
Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A., Vetterling W.T., Numerical Recipes. The art of scientific computing (Cambridge University Press, 1986), Chap. 14.
158
Radjai F., Brendel L., Roux S., Nonsmoothness, indeterminacy, and friction in two-dimensional arrays of rigid particules, Phys. Rev. E 54, 861 (1996). APS Link
159
Radjai F., Jean M., Moreau J.-J., Roux S., Force distribution in dense two dimensional granular systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 274 (1996). APS Link
160
Radjai F., Wolf D., Jean M., Roux S., Moreau J.-J., Force network in dense granular media, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 211-214.
161
Radjai F., Wolf D., Roux S., Jean M., Moreau J.-J., Force networks in granular packings, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 169-179.
162
Radjai F., Multicontact dynamics, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 305-311.
163
Radjai F., Wolf D., Jean M., Moreau J.-J., Bimodal character of stress transmission in granular packings, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 61 (1998). APS Link
164
Radjai F., Roux S., Moreau J.-J., Contact forces in a granular packing, preprint.
165
Radjai F., Roux S., États internes des milieux granulaires denses, Proc. quatorzième congrès français de mécanique, Toulouse, 30 août-3 septembre 1999.
166
Roberts I., Determination of pressures of granular substances, Proc. Roy. Soc. 36, 225 (1884).
167
Roux J.-N., Contact disorder and force distribution in granular materials, Proc. of the Saint-Venant Symp. (Presses de l'École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, 1997), pp. 577-584.
168
Roux J.-N., Contact disorder and nonlinear elasticity of granular packings: a simple model, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 215-218.
169
Roux S., Stauffer D., Herrmann H.J., Simulation of disordered systems of cylinders. Geometrical behaviour, J. Phys. France 48, 341 (1987).
170
Roux S., Radjai F., Texture-dependent rigid-plastic behavior, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 229-235.
171
Saul L., Kardar M., Read N., Directed waves in random media, Phys. Rev. A 45, 8859 (1992). APS Link
172
Savage S.B., Problems in the statics and dynamics of granular materials, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 185-194.
173
Savage S.B., Modeling and granular material boundary value problems, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 25-95.
174
Sexton M.G., Socolar J.E.S., Schaeffer D.G., Force distribution in a scalar model for non-cohesive granular material, cond-mat/9810392.
175
Smíd J., Novosad J., Pressure distribution under heaped bulk solids, Ind. Chem. Eng. Symp. D3V 63, 1 (1981).
176
Socolar J.E.S., Average stresses and force fluctuations in noncohesive granular materials, Phys. Rev. E 57, 3204 (1998). APS Link
177
Sokolowskii V.V., Statics of granular materials (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965).
178
Stauffer D, Herrmann H.J., Roux S., Simulation of disordered systems of cylinders. Mechanical behaviour, J. Phys. France 48, 347 (1987).
179
Sundaram V., Cowin S.C., A reassessment of static bin pressure experiments, Powder Tech. 22, 23 (1979).
180
Terzaghi K., Mécanique théorique des sols (Dunod, Paris, 1951).
181
Terzaghi K., Peck R.B., Mécanique des sols appliquée (Dunod, Paris, 1965).
182
Terzidis O., Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., A model for ripple instabilities in granular media, Eur. Phys. J. B 5, 245 (1998). EDPS Link
183
Tkachenko A.V., Witten T.A., Stress propagation through frictionless granular material, Phys. Rev. E 60, 687 (1999). APS Link
184
Travers T., Compression de milieux granulaires modèles. Effet des hétérogénéités, Thèse de doctorat de l'université de Rennes I, 1988.
185
Travers T., Ammi M., Bideau D., Gervois A., Messager J.-C., Troadec J.-P., Uniaxial compression of 2d packings of cylinders. Effects of weak disorder, Europhys. Lett. 4, 329 (1987). EDPS Link
186
Travers T., Bideau D., Troadec J.-P., Messager J.-C., Uniaxial compression effects on 2d mixtures of ``hard'' and ``soft'' cylinders, J. Phys. A 19, L1033 (1986).
187
Trollope J.R., The mechanics of discontinua or clastic mechanics in rock problems, Rock mechanics in engineering practice, edited by Stagg and Zienkiewicz (Wiley, New York, 1968), Chap. 9, pp. 275-320.
188
Trollope J.R., Burman B.C., Physical and numerical experiments with granular wedges, Géotechniq. 30, 137 (1980).
189
Trollope J.R., Global stress distributions in granular materials, Powder Tech. 41, 217 (1985).
190
Tsoungui O., Vallet D., Charmet J.-C., Roux S., Pression partielle par classe granulométrique dans un empilement polydisperse, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris IIb 325, 457 (1997).
191
Tsoungui O., Vallet D., Charmet J.-C., Roux S., ``Partial pressures'' supported by granulometric classes in polydisperse granular media, Phys. Rev. E 57, 4458 (1998). APS Link
192
Tsoungui O., Vallet D., Charmet J.-C., Experimental study of the force distribution inside 2d granular systems, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 149-154.
193
Tsoungui O., Vallet D., Charmet J.-C., Use of contact area trace to study the force distribution inside 2d granular systems, Gran. Matt. 1, 65 (1998).
194
Vandembroucq D., Boccara A.C., Roux S., Breakdown patterns in Branly's coheror, J. Phys. III France 7, 303 (1997). EDPS Link
195
Vanel L., Étude expérimentale de l'équilibre mécanique d'un milieu granulaire : exemples du silo et du tas de sable, Thèse de doctorat de l'université de Paris VI, 1999.
196
Vanel L., Clément E., Lanuza J., Duran J., Pressure fluctuations in a granular column, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 249-254.
197
Vanel L., Clément E., Pressure screening and fluctuations at the bottom of a granular column, cond-mat/9904090.
198
Vanel L., Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Cates M.E., Clément E., Wittmer J.P., Stress propagation in a granular column: theory and experiment, cond-mat/9904094.
199
Vanel L., Howell D., Clark D., Behringer R.P., Clément E., Effects of construction history on the stress distribution under a sandpile, cond-mat/9906321.
200
van Leeuwenstijn P.L.L., van Wijk L.A., Haaker G., Investigation of the influence of wall stiffness on the stress ratio in mammoth silos, Powder Tech. 78, 213 (1994).
201
van R. Marais G., Stresses in wedges of cohesionless materials formed by free discharge at the apex, Trans. ASME, J. Eng. Industry 91, 345 (1969).
202
Veje C.T., Howell D.W., Behringer R.P., Schöllmann S., Luding S., Herrmann H.J., Fluctuations and flow for granular shearing, Proc. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the physics of dry granular media, edited by Herrmann, Hovi and Luding (Kluwer, 1998), pp. 237-242.
203
Veje C.T., Howell D.W., Behringer R.P., Kinematics of a 2d granular Couette experiment at the transition to shearing, Phys. Rev. E 59, 739 (1999). APS Link
204
Vergassola M., Mazzino A., Structures and intermittency in a passive scalar model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1849 (1997). APS Link
205
Williams J.C., Al-Salman D., Birks A.H., Measurements of static stresses on the wall of a cylindrical container for particulate solids, Powder Tech. 50, 163 (1987).
206
Wittmer J.P., Cates M.E., Claudin Ph., Stress propagation and arching in static sandpiles, J. Phys. I France 7, 39 (1997). EDPS Link
207
Wittmer J.P., Claudin Ph., Cates M.E., Bouchaud J.-Ph., An explanation for the central stress minimum in sandpiles, Nature, 382, 336 (1996).
208
Wittmer J.P., Cates M.E., Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., A new approach to stress propagation in sandpiles and silos, Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997), pp. 153-167.
209
Wittmer J.P., Cates M.E., Claudin Ph., Bouchaud J.-Ph., Arching effects in the stress distribution of sandpiles, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 303-306.
210
Friction, Arching, Contact Dynamics, edited by Wolf and Grassberger (World Scientific, 1997).
211
Wu W., Bauer E., Kolymbas D., Hypoplastic constitutive model with critical state for granular materials, Mech. Mat. 23, 45 (1996).
212
Yamamoto S., Matsuoka H., The stress-strain behavior of granular materials under shearing based on the mechanism of fabric change, Proc. Powders & Grains'97, edited by Behringer and Jenkins (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997), pp. 195-198.
Abstract

Copyright EDP Sciences